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Xu Xiake was a geographer, traveler and writer in the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Xiake (January 5, 1587 - 1641), named Hongzu, courtesy name Zhenzhi, and Xiake, was born in Nanyangxi Village, Mazhen Town, Jiangyin County (now Nanyangxi Village, Xuxiake Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province).
He came from a wealthy family. He loved mountains and rivers and geography since he was a child, and began traveling in his youth. Its footprints are spread across 21 provinces including Beijing, Shandong, Guangdong, and Yunnan. Xu Xiake traveled abroad for thirty years, exploring places and secrets. He corrected the erroneous records in the classics about Yan Lake in Yandang Mountain, the source of the Yangtze River, and the source of the North and South Panjiang River, and recorded in great detail what he saw and heard along the way.
“Xu Xiake’s Travels”, compiled and compiled by later generations, is known as “a wonderful book through the ages”. In the first month of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), Xu Xiake died of illness in Jiangyin (today’s Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province) at the age of 54. He was hailed as an “eternal wonder” by later generations.
Xu Xiake’s travels were not simply to seek out wonders, but more importantly, to explore the mysteries of nature and find its laws. His investigations and research on mountains, waterways, geology and landforms have made achievements beyond those of his predecessors. He is a pioneer in the world’s scientific investigation of limestone landforms. He has made detailed descriptions, records and studies of different limestone landforms in various places, and also investigated many limestone caves. He pointed out that caves are caused by the erosion of running water, and stalactites are caused by limestone dissolved in water. After the water dripping from the limestone evaporates, the limestone condenses to form stalactites, showing various wonderful shapes. Most of these opinions are consistent with Principles of modern science.
At the same time, through personal inspection, he demonstrated that the Jinsha River is the correct source of the Yangtze River, denied the statement in “Yu Gong” that “Minshan guides the river”, and also identified many waterways such as the Zuojiang River, the Youjiang River, the Daying River, and the Lancang River. The origins of the waterways corrected the confusion and errors in the records of these waterways in the “Unification of the Ming Dynasty”.
The most important literary work about Xu Xiake is “Xu Xiake’s Travels” written by himself.
“Xu Xiake’s Travels” was written by Xu Xiake after more than 30 years of personal investigation of the landscapes, customs and customs in various parts of China. The book has more than 600,000 words. This work is not only a geographical encyclopedia, but also a historical work of factual nature and a literary masterpiece. The book not only records his descriptions and records of his travels to the mountains and rivers and the natural scenery in various places, reflecting the social life at that time, but also covers geographical exploration, hydrology, animal and plant forms, etc., and provides an analysis of the ancient landscape resources of China in the late Ming Dynasty. It contains detailed descriptions of geography, geology, plants, hydrology, humanistic customs, etc. It is an important work that systematically examines China’s landforms and geology, and has certain value for modern research in geography, literature, hydrology, and even climate.
In addition, there may be some literary works created by other authors based on Xu Xiake’s deeds or “Xu Xiake’s Travels”, but their popularity and influence may be relatively small. If you are interested in specific related literary works, you can further search and learn more through libraries, bookstores or online literature platforms.
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